A Study on the Effect of Smartwork Environment on Office Administrators’ Organizational Effectiveness: Moderated by Concerns and Work-Life Balance

Myong Ok Kim

Abstract


At present, the importance of organizational effectiveness is highlighted even more as business environment enters into a new type of work setting, the smartwork environment. This new type of work environment could be significantly influential in promoting organizational effectiveness of office administrators who carry out atypical types of tasks in general and are exposed to emotional labor excessively. Organizational effectiveness of office administrators could also be controlled by their concerns at work, their personal values and the increasing demand for work-life balance. The main purpose of this research is to investigate how smartwork environment perceived by office administrators is related with organizational effectiveness. In addition, this research places the focus on how concerns and work-life balance moderate the relationship between smartwork environment and organizational effectiveness. The survey was conducted among 102 office administrators, and data were analyzed by moderated multiple regression analysis method. Job autonomy of smartwork environment showed positive effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and innovative behavior. IT dependence of smartwork environment showed negative effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment and positive effect innovative behavior. It was found that concerns with impact positively moderate the effects of job autonomy on job satisfaction and innovative behavior; concerns with self negatively moderate the effects of job autonomy on organizational commitment and innovative behavior. Also, it was found that work-life balance moderates the effects of job autonomy on organizational commitment and the effects of IT dependence on innovative behavior. The result of this research can be taken into consideration when a strategic human resource development plan is prepared for office administrators in smartwork environment.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahn, K. Y., “The effects of job characteristics on creativity and incremental innovation in service industry,” Korea Service Management System, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 171-195, 2011.

Ahuja, M. and Tharcher, J., “Moving beyond intentions and toward theory of trying: Linking work environment and gender post-adoption information technology use,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 427-459, 2005.

Ahuja, M., Chudoba, K., Kacmar, C., McKnight, D., and George, J., “It road warriors: Balancing work-family conflict, job autonomy, and work overload to mitigate turnover intentions,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 1-17, 2007.

Alderfer, C., Relatedness and growth, New York: The Free Press, 1972.

Allen, N. and Meyer, J., “A three-commitment conceptualization of organizational commitment,” Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 1, pp. 61-89, 1991.

Amabile, T., “The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 45, pp. 357-376, 1983.

Annink, A. and den Dulk, L., “Autonomy, Community,” Work and Family, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 383-402, 2012.

Ayyagari, R., Grover, V., and Purvis, R., “Technostress: technological antecedents and Implications,” Management Information System Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 831-858, 2011.

Best, S. and Krueger, B., “Online interactions and social capital: distinguishing between new and existing ties,” Social Science Computer Review, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 395-410, 2006.

Brayfield, A. and Rothe, H., “Job Satisfaction Index,” In B. Stewart, G. Hetherington, and M. Smith (Eds.), Survey Item Bank (Vol. 1). Harrowgate: University Press, 1951.

Brynjolfsson, E. and Hitt, L., “Productivity, profitability and consumer surplus: Three different measures of information technology values,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 121-142, 1996.

Burden, P., Teacher Development, Research Strategies, The Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, NY, March ED, pp. 218-266, 1982.

Campbell, J., On the Nature of Organizational Effectiveness, New Perspectives on Organizational Effectiveness, 1ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977.

Chae, S. K., “A Study on the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction of Secretaries,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 85-105, 2003.

Cho, Y. A., “Effect of Leisure Activities on Job Stress and Burnout of Female Administrative Assistants,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 5-24, 2011.

Cho, Y. H., Kim, T. J., and Cho, Y. H., “The Effects of Job characteristics, Emotional Labor on Job Involvement and Innovativeness: The Role of Social Support as a Moderator,” Korean Academy of Organization and Management, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 1-37, 2011.

Choi, S. B., Kim, J. E., and Chang, S. D., “The Effects of Empowering Leadership on the Innovative Behavior: Creativity as a Mediator and Innovative Support as a Moderator,” Korean Academy of Human Resource Management, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 209-229, 2013.

Dalton, D., Toder, W., Spendolini, M., Fielding, G., and Porter, L., “Organizational Structure and Performance: A Critical Review,” The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 49-64, 1980.

Doopedia, http ://www.doopedia.co.kr/search/encyber/totalSearch.jsp?WT.ac=search.

Dos Santos, B. and Sussman, L., “Improving the return on IT investment: The productivity paradox,” International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 429-431, 2000.

Duxbury, L., Higgins, C., and Neufeld, D., “Telework and the balance between work and family: Is telework part of the problem or part of the solution?” In M. Igbaria & M. Tan (Eds.), The virtual workplace (pp. 218-255), Hershey, PA: Idea Group, 1998.

Etzioni, A., Modern Organizations, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, 1964.

Fuller, F., “Concern of Teachers: A Developmental Conceptualization,” American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 207-226, 1969.

George, A., Measuring self, task, and impact of a concerns: A manual for use of the teacher concerns questionnaire, Austin University of Texas Research and Development Center, 1978.

Georgiou, P., “The goal paradigm notes towards a counter paradigm,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 91-310, 1973.

Greenhaus, J., Collins, K., and Shaw, J., “The relation between work family balance and quality of life,” Journal of Vacational Behavior, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 510-531, 2003.

Gregorc, A., “Developing plans for professional growth,” NASSP Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 377, pp. 1-8, 1973.

Hackman, J. and Oldham, G., “Development of the job diagnostic survey,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 159-170, 1975.

Han, I. S., “A Study on Moderated Regression Analysis,” Labor and Management Research, Vol. 13, pp. 143-161, 2002.

Han, J. E. and Cho, K. S., “A Study on the Occupational Stressors and Coping among Secretaries,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 29-52, 2012.

Jung, C. H. and Mun, Y. J., “Current Status and Challenges for the Activation of Smart Work: An Exploratory Study,” Journal of Korea Electronic Commerce Research Association, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 53-69, 2011.

Kang, H. R. and Choi, S. Y., “Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Conflict of Married Working Women,” The Korean Journal of Women Psychology, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 23-42, 2001.

Katz, L., “Developmental stages of preschool teachers,” Elementary School Journal, Vol. 73, pp. 50-54, 1972.

Kim, C. W. and Park, C. Y., “A Study on the Development of a ‘Work-Life Balance’ Scale,” Journal of Leisure Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 53-69, 2008.

Kim, C. W., “Survey on the change of leisure life since 40 hours work week,” Korea Culture and Tourism Institute, 2005.

Kim, C. W., Park, C. Y., Sohn, Y. M., and Jang H., “The conceptual understanding on ‘Work-Life Balance’ and its effectiveness,” Journal of Leisure Studies, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 29-48, 2005.

Kim, I. C., Kim, J. W., and Lee, J. W., “Determinants of Innovative Work Behavior,” Journal of Business Research, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 281-316, 2004.

Kim, J. H. and Choi, A. K., “The Effects of Perception of Organizational and Supervisor Support on the Job Attitude: focusing on Interviewing Effect of Affective Commitment,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 95-120, 2014.

Kim, J. K. and Kim, N. W., Teacher and Education, Hyungseol Publishing Networks, Seoul, 1994.

Kim, J. K. and Lee, Y. K., “The Effect of Organizational Structure, Organizational Culture, WLB Policy on Organizational Efficiency: Focused On Mediation Effect of Work-Like Balance,” Korean Academy of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 57-77, 2009.

Kim, J. U., “Smartwork enforcement situation and activation plan,” Korea Information Society Development Institute, Vol. 10, No. 8, pp. 1-17, 2010.

Kim, J. Y. and Byun, W. T., “The effect of a variety of leisure activities in the employees on job satisfaction,” The Korean Journal of Physical Education, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 377-390, 2003.

Kim, J. Y., “Work-Family Balance: A Literature Review,” Korean Academy of Human Resource Management, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 83-117, 2006.

Kim, K. H., “The Relationship among Teaching Concerns, Self-Efficacy, and Personal Characteristics of Teachers in Agricultural High School,” Master Thesis, Seoul National University, 2004.

Kim, K. N., Park, J. H., and Chung, D. B., “The Effect of Work Performance to Smart Phone’s Characteristics and Moderated Effects of Innovation Resistance,” Korea Association of Information Systems, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 57-80, 2011.

Kim, M. K., “Mechanism Method for Smart Work and the Creation of IT Job,” Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 55-61, 2012.

Kim, M. O., “A Study on Database Design and Implementation for Office Professionals,” The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 83-100, 2008.

Kim, M. O., “A Study of Factors Influencing Social Media Acceptance for Office Professionals,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 61-80, 2011.

Kim, M. O. and Byun, Y. J., “The Effects of Computer Self-Efficacy on Career Planning and Innovative Behavior of Office Professionals,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 65-81, 2009.

Kim, M. O. and Kim, H. W., “A Study on the Concerns and Mannerism of Office Professionals,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 53-70, 2012.

Kim, S. A., Kim, M. Y., Kim, M. J., and Park, S. M., “An Analysis of the Impacts of WLB Policies and Policy Congruence on Organizational Effectiveness: With a focus on Comparing Public- and Private-Sector Organizations,” The Korean Association for Public Administration, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 201-237, 2013.

Kim, S. H. and Kim, S. M., “A Phenomenological Study on the Work-Family Compatibility of Dual-Earner Families,” Family and Environment Research, Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 355-370, 2013.

Kim, W. T., “Effects of the Quality of Smart-Work on the Job-Performance in the Public Sector,” Doctoral Dissertation, Youngnam University, 2012.

Kirkman, B. and Rosen, B., “A model of work team empowerment. In R. Woodman and W. Pasmore(eds.),” Research in Organizational Change and Development, Vol. 10, pp. 131-167, Greenwich CT: JAI Press, 1997.

Ko, D. Y. and Yoo, T. Y., “The Effect of Job Autonomy on Innovation Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction and Moderating Effects of Personality and Climate for Innovation,” Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 215-238, 2012.

Ko, J., Price, J., and Mueller, C., “Assessment of Meyer and Allen’s three-component model of organizational commitment in South Korea,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 82, No. 6, pp. 961-980, 1997.

Koo, S. W., Lee, J. E., and Shin, M. S., “The Effect of Mobile Office Service Quality Factors on the User Satisfaction: Focused on Usage and Job Characteristics,” Korea Society of IT services, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 1-17, 2012.

Kossek, E., “Telecommuting,” http ://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/csom/cwf/wfnetwork/index.html, 2001.

Kouzmin, A. and Korac-Kakabadse, N., “Mapping institutional impact of ‘Lean’ communication in ‘Lean’ agencies：IT literacy and leadership failure,” Administration and Society, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 26-69, 2000.

Kwak, I. K., Kim, J. B., and Lee, N. Y., “Expansion of Work Flexibility and Usage of Smartwork Center,” Korea Information Processing Society, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 59-72, 2011.

Lee, D. H., Cho, S. Y., and Kim, H. W., “A Study on the Improvement of Smart Work Satisfaction and Productivity,” National Information Society Agency, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 24-48, 2014.

Lee, G. B., “Adopting Smartwork makes Smarter Country,” Donga Journal, Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 366-379, 2010.

Lee, H. K., “The Relationships between Self-respect and Stress according to the Participation of Leisure Sports Activity,” Journal of Korean Sociology of Sport, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 567-579, 2001.

Lee, J. S. and Kim, H. S., “Research on the present condition of smartwork and vitalization,” Journal of Korean Association for Regional Information Society, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 75-96, 2010.

Lee, J. W., “An Exploratory Study on SME’s Innovativeness,” The Korean Association of Small Business Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 187-210, 2002.

Lee, K. B. and Kim, J. O., “A study on factors of mobile office systems’ success,” Internet eCommerce Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 33-47, 2010.

Lee, S. H. and Park, D. J., “Business Model Development and Application for Smartwork Service,” Journal of Information Processing, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 33-42, 2011.

Li, X. and Zheng, Y., “The Influential Factors of Employees’ Innovative Behavior and the Management Advices,” Journal of Service Science and Management, Vol. 7, pp. 446-450, 2014.

Locke, E., The nature and causes of job satisfaction, M. D. Dunnette (ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Rand-McNally, Chicago, 1976.

Marks, S. and MacDermid, S., “Multiple roles and the self: A theory of role balance,” Journal of Marriage and the Family, pp. 417-432, 1996.

McCloskey, D. and Igbaria, M., “A review of the empirical research on telecommuting and directions for future research,” In The virtual workplace, (pp. 338-358), Hershey, USA: Idea Group Publishing, 1998.

Mick, D. and Fournier, S., “Paradoxes of technology: consumer cognizance, emotions, and coping strategies,” Journal of Consumer research, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 123-143. 1998.

Miles. R., Macro Organizational Behavior, Santa Monica, Callfornia: Good Year Publishing Co. Inc., pp. 355-359, 1979.

Mok, Y., “Teacher concerns and teacher life stages,” Research in Education, Vol. 73, pp. 53-72, 2005.

Mowday, R., Porter, L., and Steers, R., Employee organizational Liakages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover, New York: Academic Press, 1982.

Namn, S. H., Noh, K. S., and Kim, Y. K., “Model for Determining the Levels of Smart Work,” Journal of Digital Convergence, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 191-200, 2011.

National Information Society Agency (NIA), “Smartwork Insight: an innovative working environment, smartwork,” 2011.

Paek, S. K. and Lee, Y. M., “The Moderating Effect of Leisure Satisfaction On The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment,” Korean Academy of Human Resource Management, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 349-371, 2010.

Park, K. H. and Kim, H. J., “The Study in The Effects of Trust in Innovation Behavior and OCB,” The Korean Research Association For The Business Education, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 105-129, 2010.

Park, K. K., Shin, Y. H., and Choi, H. S., “Antecedents and Outcomes of Innovative Behavior,” Koreanische Zeitschrift fuer Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 95-119, 2012.

Park, Y. R., Lee, J. H., and Lee, Y. J., “A Study on Job Satisfaction of Smart Work Worker and Smart Work Continued Usage,” The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 23-49, 2014.

Park, Y. S. and Park, J. H., “An Analysis of Research Trends in Work-Life Balance: Focusing on Articles Published in Korea Since 2000,” The Korean Journal of Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1-29, 2013.

Ragu-Nathan, T., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B., and Tu, Q., “The consequences of techno-stress for end users in organizations: conceptual development and empirical validation,” Information Systems Research, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 417-433, 2008.

Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., and Armeli, S., “Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 86, pp. 825-836, 2001.

Rothausen, T., “Job satisfaction and the parent workers: The role of flexibility and rewards,” Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 317-336. 1994.

Scott, S. and Bruce, R., “Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 37, pp. 599-623, 1994.

Seo, A. Y., “Influence factors which affect personal job satisfaction in smartwork environment,” E-business Research, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 427-259, 2012.

Seo, B. R. and Paek, J. Y., “A study on the relationships between emotional labor, job characteristics, and organizational culture: the case of secretaries,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 105-124, 2010.

Shim, C. H. and Lee, G. T., “Employees’ Work Life Balance in Hotel Organization influencing Subjective Career Success and Career Commitment,” Korea Academic Society of Tourism Management, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 307-325, 2013.

Shim, D. S. and Ha, S. W., “A Study on the Relationship between Job Chracteristics and Innovative Behavior: The Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy,” The Journal of Business and Economics, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 95-124, 2013.

Shin, M. C., Fundamental of Social Science Research Method, Seoul: Changmin, 2007.

Sohn, Y. M. and Park, C. Y., “Gender differences in antecedents and outcomes of work-life balance: Focused on married workers,” The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 161-190, 2014.

Song, K. E. and Choi, A. K., “A Study on Changes in Secretarial Work by Utilizing Smart Devices,” Journal of Secretarial Science, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 57-82, 2012.

Steers, R. and Porter, L., “Work Environment and Individual Behavior,” Motivation and Work Behavior, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, pp. 364-374, 1979.

Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B., and Ragu-Nathan, B., “The impact of techno-stress on role stress and productivity,” Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 301-328, 2007.

Tett, R. and Meyer, J., “Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings,” Personnel Psychology, Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 259-293, 1993.

The Korean Standard Dictionary, http ://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/List_dic.jsp.

Tsai, D., A survey study of Chinese kindergarten teacher concerns. Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, 1990.

West, M. and Farr, J., “Innovation at Work: Psychological Perspectives,” Social Behaviour, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 15-30, 1989.

Yang, M. H. and Pae, J. K., “A study of factors affecting attitude towards teleworking: An empirical investigation of KIPO(Korean Intellectual property office) examiners’s teleworking case,” Korean Journal of Communication Studies, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 97-123, 2009.

Yim, S. W., A Study on The Effects of Employee Value Proposition and Personality Types on Secretary’s Job crafting, Department of International Office Administration, Master Thesis, Ewha Womans University, 2014.

Yoon, J. H., “Smart Work, B2B environment could emerge as a new source of revenue?,” KTOA News letter, Vol. 55, pp. 52-57, 2010.

Yoon, M. Y., “The Smartwork propulsion trend in domestic and foreign,” Korea Communications Agency, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 40-45, 2011.

Yun, H. J., Choi, G. Y., and Lee, C. C., “The Influence of Mobile Office Systems on Users’ Job Stress and Work Overload,” Korea Association of Information Systems, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 155-176, 2011.

Yun, J. Y. and Jyung, C. Y., “Work and Family Life Balance of Administrative Professional Mothers,” Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 141-161, 2011.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.